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Fingerprints |
The technique of fingerprints is being developed from late
1800 A.D. The fingerprints has become a world renounced
biometric technology for personal identification. This
technique became the pinnacle of biometrics due to its ease
to differentiate and easy to relate. Fingerprints are left
every where by human beings where ever they touch, thus it
becomes easy to determine the person's presence at a
particular place and correlate. Its the most obvious thing
to look for on a crime scene as the criminal must have
touched somewhere and had left a clue.
Our Experts at IFSR deal with every aspect of fingerprinting
and every purpose of fingerprinting, from lifting a print
from crime scene to VISA Fingerprinting for Immigration
clearance, from matching a print with suspect's fingerprint
to fingerprint verification on a document.
Fingerprinting is a major field dealt at IFSR, our experts
continuously try to enhance the technology by manual
techniques and hi-tech equipment based techniques so that
the highest accuracy can be obtained.
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1. Fingerprint Principles
According to criminal investigators, fingerprints follow 3
fundamental principles:
• A fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no two
people have been found with the exact same fingerprint
pattern.
• A fingerprint pattern will remain unchanged for the life
of an individual; however, the print itself may change due
to permanent scars and skin diseases.
• Fingerprints have general characteristic ridge patterns
that allow them to be systematically identified.
Fingerprint Distribution Ratio :
Fingerprint Factoid:
60% of people have loops
35% have whorls
5% have arches
Did you know?
Dactyloscopy is the study of fingerprint identification.
Police investigators are experts in collecting “dactylograms”,
otherwise known as fingerprints.
Directions for Correct Fingerprint Impressions
1st – Roll the “pad” portion of your thumb over the ink pad
from the left side of your thumb to the right. You do not
have to push down really hard!
2nd – Roll the “pad” portion of your thumb from the left
side of your thumb to the right in the correct box on your
paper to make a thumbprint.
3rd – Continue this process to make a fingerprint of all ten
fingers on the “My Prints” worksheet.
4th –Use your notes and a magnifying lens to help you figure
out what type of pattern is found in each of your
fingerprints. Label each one with the pattern’s name.
Uses of Fingerprint Authentication:
@PC access
@PC network access (internet, intranet, ...)
@Access to rooms (key replacement)
@Safety on weapons: no access for children, unauthorized
users
@Mobile phones: network access, theft protection, mobile
financial transactions, ...
@ID: company pass, personal identification, club ID, ...
@Credit cards, bank cards, EC cards
@Automobile: Seats, mirrors, temperature, and other personal
settings
@Automation of hotels (e.g., check-in and room access)
@Company vending machines (soft drinks, ...)
@Participation in sporting events
@Memberships (discotheques, tanning salons, slot machines,
video stores, ...)
@Personal access to patient records
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2. Fingerprint Classes
There are 3 specific classes for all fingerprints based upon
their visual pattern:
A. arches B. loops and C. whorls.
Each group is divided into smaller groups as seen in the
lists below.
Arch
Plain arch
Tented arch
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Loop
Radial Loop
Ulnar loop
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Whorl
Plain whorl
Central pocket whorl
Double loop whorl
Accidental |
a). Arches
Arches are the simplest type of fingerprints that are formed
by ridges that enter on one side of the print and exit on
the other. No deltas are present
Plain Arch
Ridges enter on one side and
exit on the other side.
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Tented Arch
Similar to the plain arch, but has a spike in the
center
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b). Loops
Loops must have one delta and one or more ridges that enter
and leave on the same side. These patterns are named for
their positions related to the radius and ulna bones.
Ulnar Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward right or the ulna bone |
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Radial Loop (Right Thumb)
Loop opens toward the left or the radial bone |
c). Whorls
Whorls have at least one ridge that makes (or tends to make)
a complete circuit. They also have at least two deltas. If a
print has more than two deltas, it is most likely an
accidental.
Plain Whorl
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Central Pocket Whorl
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Draw a line between the two deltas in the plain and central
pocket whorls. If some of the curved ridges touch the line,
it is a plain whorl. If none of the center core touches the
line, it is a central pocket whorl.
Double Loop Whorl
Double loop whorls are made up of any two loops
combined into one print
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Accidental Whorl
Accidental whorls contain two or more patterns (not
including the plain arch), or does not clearly fall
under any of the other categories.
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LAB PRODUCTS
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IFSR Forensic Region :
Service Provided All over India
Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Pune, Bangalore,
Chennai, Bhopal, Jaipur, Kolkata
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